Quiz 9

1.   _____ are DNA sequences that cap chromosomes.            

1. Mitochondria
2. Free radicals
3. Telomeres
4. Polymers

2.   Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the 75-to-84 and 85-and-over age groups?    

1. cardiovascular disease
2. kidney disease
3. hypertension
4. cancer

3.  According to socioemotional selectivity theory, the trajectory of motivation for knowledge-related goals peaks in          

1. middle and late adulthood.
2. infancy.
3. adolescence and early adulthood.
4. early childhood.

4.   Researchers have extended the life of a human cell by    

1. rearranging the DNA sequences.
2. removing the cap of the DNA molecule.
3. injecting it with telomerase.
4. splicing the 18th and 19th chromosomes.

5.    The retention of information about the details of life’s happenings is called _____ memory.            

1. semantic
2. episodic
3. prospective
4. source

6.   In the respiratory system, lung capacity drops _____ percent between the ages of 20 and 80, even when disease is not present.          

1.  50
2. 60
3. 20
4. 40

7.  Cynthia is 91 years old. Doctors have found that Cynthia’s optic nerves have been damaged because of accumulation of fluid in the eye. Cynthia is worried that she will lose her vision, but the doctor has told her that her condition can be treated with eye drops. The disease that has marred Cynthia’s vision is          

1. cataracts.
2. glaucoma.
3. macular degeneration.
4. retinopathy.

8.    According to aging expert Laura Carstensen, who among the following tend to experience less intense posi¬tive emotions with new friends and equal levels of positive emotions with established friends?            

1.  older adults
2. younger adults
3. middle-aged adults
4. adolescents

9.   According to socioemotional selectivity theory, which of the following is true of the trajectory of motivation for knowledge-related goals?    

1. It starts in adolescence.
2. It declines during middle and late adulthood.
3. It peaks in early childhood.
4. It is relatively low in the early years of life.           

10.   Which of the following is true of implicit memory?        

1. It involves skills and routine procedures that are performed automatically.
2. It is more likely to be adversely affected by aging than explicit memory is.
3. It is memory of facts and experiences that individuals consciously know and can state.
4. It is also known as declarative memory.

11.    According to Erik Erikson, what is the last stage of development in life?        

1. death versus dying
2. integrity versus despair
3. independence versus dependence
4. immortality versus death

12.   Which of the following is true of the influence of education on the cognitive functioning of older adults?      

1. Fewer older adults are returning to college today to further their education than in past generations.
2. Today’s older adults were less likely to go to college when they were young adults than were their parents or grandparents.
3. Educational experiences have no impact or are negatively correlated with scores on intelligence tests and information-processing tasks.
4. For older adults with less education, frequently engaging in cognitive activities improve their episodic memory.

13.  In the context of socioemotional development in late adulthood, which of the following is true of life review?        

1. It is the same for every individual.
2. It is set in motion by looking forward to death.
3. It is independent of interpersonal, relationship dimensions.
4. It is used to avoid the revival of negative thoughts.

14.   Considering the fact that many of the health problems of older adults are chronic rather than acute, which of the following is likely to be a concern about the medical system?          

1. Home visits are not emphasized over hospital stays.
2. Medicare does not have special provisions for chronic illnesses.
3. The medical system is still based on a “cure” rather than a “care” model.
4. Costs of prescription drugs are still not subsidized for the elderly.

15.   Olivia believes that the more dynamic and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives. Thus, she believes in    

1.  selective optimization with compensation theory.
2. Erikson’s theory of integrity versus despair.
3. activity theory.
4.   socioemotional selectivity theory.

16.   According to Erik Erikson’s developmental stages, which of the following is the resolution an individual is most likely to experience if he or she is in the last stage of human development?            

1. fidelity 
2. wisdom
3. care
4. hope

17.   Severe reductions in the production of dopamine have been linked with  

1.  Alzheimer disease.
2. dementia other than Alzheimer disease.
3. brain cancer.
4. Parkinson disease.

18.    Which of the following is an example of explicit memory?            

1. Maria types on her computer while talking to her friend.
2. John summarizes the plot of a novel that he has just read to his friend.
3. Linda turns off the lights before going to bed.
4. Max drives the car from his office to his home.

19.   Which of the following is a characteristic of centenarians in the New England Centenarian Study (NECS)?          

1.  Only a small percentage of centenarians have had significant changes in their thinking skills.
2. Most U.S. centenarians are likely to describe historical events, death/grief, and work/retirement events.
3. Habitual smoking is common among centenarians.
4. Most of the centenarians are obese.           

20.  Which of the following is true of the effects of aging on human sexual performance?      

1. A large-scale study of individuals from 57 to 85 years of age revealed that sexually active life expectancy was longer for women than for men.
2. Orgasm becomes less frequent in females with age, occurring in every second to third attempt rather than every time.
3. More direct stimulation usually is needed to produce an erection.
4. Women lost more years of sexually active life due to poor health than men did.

21.    Which of the following is true of divorce or remarriage in older adults?            

1. Divorce is far less common among younger adults than older adults.
2. Women are more likely than men to remarry, thus removing themselves from the pool of divorced older adults.
3. The majority of divorced older adults are men, due to their greater longevity.
4. Rising divorce rates, increased longevity, and better health have led to an increase in remarriage among older adults.

22.   Recent research indicates that the greater distractibility of older adults is associated with less effective functioning in neural networks running through the _____ of the brain, which are involved in cognitive control.      

1.  cerebellum
2. medulla
3. occipital and temporal lobes
4. frontal and parietal lobes

23.  Robert Butler states that life review is set in motion by        

1. handing over the legacy to the next generation.
2. conflicting views of wisdom against integrity.
3. looking forward to death.
4. retrospective glances on life’s worth.

24.   It is observed that respect for older adults is greater in _____ cultures than in _____ cultures.            

1. spiritualistic; competitive
2. socialistic; capitalistic
3. religious; materialistic
4. collectivistic; individualistic

25.  Older adults not being hired for new jobs, being eased out of old ones because they are perceived as too rigid or feeble-minded, and being eased out because they are not considered cost effective are examples of        

1. generational inequity.
2. eldercare.
3. ageism.
4. age incongruity.

26.  According to current projections, what is the expected number of U.S. centenarians by the year 2050?            

1. 77,000
2. 600,000
3. 212,000
4. 19,000

27.   On average, the adult brain loses _____ percent of its weight between the ages of 20 and 90.    

1. 5 to 10
2. 20 to 30
3. 10 to 20
4. 1 to 5

28.   The vision of older adults can be affected by age-related changes. One of these changes, which can make steps or street curbs difficult to manage, is a decline in    

1. eye–hand coordination.
2. depth perception.
3. color vision.
4. ocular elasticity.

29.   Explicit memory is also called _____ memory.            

1. false
2. collective
3. procedural
4. declarative

30.  Zack is having a conversation with his friend Ben in a crowded room. Despite the presence of many voices around him, Zack focuses on what Ben is saying. This is an example of _____ attention.    

1. selective
2. implicit
3. divided
4. executive