Quiz 5

1.    Children with high self-esteem typically            

1. are prone to both prosocial and antisocial actions.
2. have low initiative, which produces uniquely positive outcomes. 
3. tend to be insecurely attached to their parents.
4. become bullies as they grow up.

2.   According to John Coie, which of the following is a reason why aggressive, peer-rejected boys have problems in social relationships?        

1. They are more impulsive and have problems sustaining attention.
2. They are less emotionally reactive.
3. They are unappreciated by their parents and teachers.
4. They receive an average number of both positive and negative nominations from their peers.

3.  Which of the following statements is true of the development of self-understanding in children?        

1. Self-understanding becomes more complex in middle and late childhood.
2. During the elementary school years, children are less likely to recognize social aspects of the self.
3. Children’s self-understanding in the elementary school years includes distinguishing themselves from others in absolute terms.
4. From 8 to 11 years of age, self-understanding is focused on the description of physical characteristics.

4.   Samuel is an 8-year-old boy. He has difficulty solving numerical problems. Hence, he is not able to solve any of the Math tests given by his teacher. His teacher gave him extra assignments and made him attend some remedial classes so that he can improve, but these did not help. His parents finally took him to a doctor, and the doctor diagnosed him with a learning disability called _____, or developmental arithmetic disorder.            

1.  dysgraphia
2. dyspraxia
3. dyslexia
4. dyscalculia

5.  The _____ is a setting that is as similar as possible to the one in which children who do not have a disability are educated.            

1. ideal learning environment (ILE)
2. special learning environment (SLE)
3. least restrictive environment (LRE)
4. least discriminating environment (LDE)

6.  During elementary school years, head circumference and waist circumference        

1.    increase in relation to body height.
2. decrease in relation to body weight.
3. increase in relation to body weight.
4. decrease in relation to body height.

7.  The worldwide increase in intelligence test scores that has occurred over a short period of time has been called the _____ effect.            

1. Binet
2. Wechsler
3.  Flynn
4. Goleman

8.  Luis is able to organize coins in a row from the largest in size to the smallest. His newfound ability is called            

1.   classification.
2. seriation.
3. centration.
4. reversibility.

9  In terms of _____ behavior, taking another’s perspective improves children’s likelihood of understanding and sympathizing with others when they are distressed or in need.    

1. prosocial
2. aggressive
3. antisocial
4. atypical

10.   In the context of domain theory, moral rules are widely accepted, somewhat impersonal, and          

1. obligatory.
2. only applicable to certain individuals.
3. arbitrary.
4. subject to change by social consensus.

11.    Dan Olweus’s bullying intervention program focuses on            

1.  ostracizing bullies and empowering victims of bullying.
2. decreasing opportunities and rewards for bullying.
3. moving victims of bullying to a different classroom where they feel safer.
4. skill training victims of bullying in self-defense and assertion techniques.

12.  Which of the following is true of Dale Schunk’s findings about students with high self-efficacy?  

1. They are less likely than students with low self-efficacy to expend effort on learning tasks.
2. They have an “I cannot” attitude and frequently experience helplessness.
3. They persist longer at learning tasks than students with low self-efficacy.
4. They avoid learning tasks, especially those that are challenging.

13  Identify a true statement about schools in low-income areas.            

1.  They are likely to have more students with low achievement test scores. 
2. They are likely to be conducive to effective learning. 
3. They are less likely to encourage rote learning. 
4. They are less likely to have young teachers with less experience.

14.  Individuals with a(n) _____ mindset believe their qualities can change and improve through their own effort.            

1.  apathetic
2. growth
3. variable
4. open

15.   Eight-year-old Ella can use scissors to cut small paper dolls out of craft paper, something she could not do at age three. What best accounts for her improving dexterity?            

1.  increased myelination of the central nervous system
2. increased bone ossification
3. increased cortical thickening in the temporal lobe
4. increased muscle development

16. A person’s mental age divided by chronological age (CA) and multiplied by 100 would indicate that person’s            

1. cognitive maturity. 
2. intelligence quotient. 
3. emotional quotient. 
4. level of mental development relative to others.

17.      Organic intellectual disability is caused by            

1. traumatic experiences in early childhood. 
2. being raised by poorly educated parents. 
3. an impoverished intellectual environment. 
4. a genetic disorder or brain damage.

18.   Paul is a gifted pianist. He was always highly motivated to learn and become an artist of consummate skill. According to his mother, Paul always showed an intense and obsessive interest in learning the instrument. He was always self-motivated and never needed to be “pushed” by his parents. What characteristic, as described by Ellen Winner, of gifted children is Paul exhibiting?          

1. marching to their own drummer 
2. precocity
3. a passion to master
4. vehemence

19   During the elementary school years, children grow an average of _____ inches a year.            

1.  two to three
2. one to two
3. seven to ten
4. five to seven

20.  Karen believes that her qualities and learning abilities cannot change despite all her efforts. Therefore, she has decided not to try at all and let her grades plummet. In the context of Carol Dweck’s description of mindsets, which of the following best describes Karen’s mindset?      

1.   growth mindset
2. apathetic mindset
3. variable mindset
4. fixed mindset

21.  Students with _____ for learning may avoid many learning tasks, especially those that are challenging.            

1.  high self-efficacy 
2. low self-awareness
3. diffused self-concept
4. low self-efficacy

22.    _____ is characterized by self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts.            

1.   Physical support  
2.  Social comparison 
3. Intimacy in friendships 
4. Ego support

23.   In contrast with Kohlberg’s theory, Gilligan argues for a(n) _____ perspective, which views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes interpersonal communication, relationships with others, and concern for others.      

1. nonegocentric
2. justice
3. egocentric
4. care

24.  Which of the following statements is true about learning disability?    

1.  Learning disabilities reside in a single, specific brain location in all individuals.
2. irls are more likely to be referred by teachers for treatment because of troublesome behavior.
3. Girls have a greater biological vulnerability than boys to be diagnosed with a learning disability.
4.   About three times as many boys as girls are classified as having a learning disability.

25.   In relation to the cognitive development theory, Piaget proposed that the concrete operational stage lasts from approximately _____ years of age.  

1.  three to five
2. seven to eleven
3. five to seven
4. ten to thirteen

26.  Males report experiencing and expressing more _____ than do females.        

1. anger 
2. fear
3. joy
4. shame

27. In the context of children’s friendships, which of the following represents the function of social comparison served by friendship?    

1. Friendship provides resources and assistance.
2. Friendship provides information about where a child stands vis-à-vis others and whether the child is doing okay.
3. Friendship provides children with a warm, close, and trusting relationship with another individual.
4. Friendship provides children with interesting information, excitement, and amusement.

28.    Alberta is a school teacher who introduces children to reading by teaching them a rhyme that goes “A for apple, A says ah, B for ball, B says buh,” and so on. This exemplifies the _____ approach to reading instruction.            

1. analytic
2. whole-language
3. phonics
4. information-processing

29.  Which of the following statements is true of the criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?          

1. Kohlberg’s approach emphasizes that morality begins with rapid evaluative judgments of others. 
2. Kohlberg’s theory stresses that moral thoughts are essentially unimportant in children’s moral development.
3. Kohlberg’s theory puts relationships and concern for others above abstract principles.
4. Kohlberg’s approach misses or misconstrues some important moral concepts in specific cultures.

30.    According to research studies, in which of the following areas do girls exhibit better skills than boys?          

1.  physical skills
2. visuospatial skills 
3. mathematical skills
4. verbal skills