Quiz 1

1.   Which of Urie Bronfenbrenner’s environmental systems consists of the patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course, as well as sociohistorical circumstances?            

1. the mesosystem  
2. the macrosystem
3. the exosystem
4. the chronosystem

2.  In predicting an adult woman’s behavior, it may be more important to know that she is the mother of a 3-year-old child than to know whether she is 20 or 30 years old. This reflects the concept of    

1. psychological age.
2. chronological age.
3. biological age.
4. social age.

3.   ________ is a time of establishing personal and economic independence, career development, and for many, selecting a mate, learning to live with that person in an intimate way, starting a family, and rearing children.          

1. Late adolescence
2. Middle adulthood
3. Late adulthood
4. Early adulthood

4.   Vygotsky’s theory emphasizes how ________ guides cognitive development.          

1. culture and social interaction
2. biology
3. genetic makeup
4. the unconscious mind

5.  Late adulthood is a time of

1. selecting a mate, learning to live with that person in an intimate way, starting a family, and rearing children.
2. establishing personal and economic independence and advancing in a career.
3. expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility.
4. life review, adjustment to new social roles, and diminishing strength and health.

6.  According to Paul Baltes’s life-span perspective, which of the following is true of contexts?          

1. They refer to the capacity for change.
2. They are influenced by genetic factors.
3. They remain constant over time.
4. They have a biological impact on development.

7.   The idea that no age period dominates development highlights the life-span perspective that development is            

1.  contextual.
2. lifelong.
3. plastic.
4. multidimensional.

8.   The ________ period is the time from conception to birth.        

1. Answers:    prenatal
2. perinatal
3. postnatal
4. neonatal

9.   Which of the following statements about the “young-old” is true?    

1. They are people between 60 and 65 years of age. 
2. They have little potential for physical and cognitive fitness.
3. They can develop strategies to cope with the gains and losses of aging.
4. They show considerable loss in cognitive skills.

10.   Influences that generally affect a generation (for example, the effect of the Vietnam War on the baby boomers) are considered ________ influences.            

1. normative history-graded 
2. nonnormative multidirectional 
3. nonnormative age-graded 
4. normative age-graded

11.   On your first day of class, Professor Red-Elk claims that for too long we have focused on the development of young children, especially infants. She argues that the development of adults and elderly people is just as important. This professor is articulating a(n) ________ approach.            

1. constructivist 
2. life-span
3. normative
4. evolutionary

12.    ________ encompasses the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation.      

1. Genotype
2. Culture
3. Ethnocentricity
4. Phenotype

13.   Fernando believes that the presence or absence of certain experiences in life has a long-lasting influence on individuals. He further believes that there is rapid, innate learning that involves attachment to the first moving object seen and that this learning takes place at a critical period very early in the life of an animal. In this scenario, Fernando is most likely taking a(n) ________ approach to human development.            

1.  psychoanalytic
2. ethological  
3. social cognitive
4. behavioral

14.   In the nature-nurture issue, nature refers to an organism’s ________, nurture to its ________.            

1. acquired traits; heredity 
2. biological inheritance; environmental experiences
3. attributes; ecological heritage
4. personality traits; abilities

15.  Kelly responds to her infant’s needs in a consistent and timely way. When he is tired she puts him down for a nap, and when he is hungry she feeds him. Erikson would say that Kelly is helping her son to develop a sense of          

1. integrity.
2. trust.
3. initiative.
4. autonomy.

16.  In the context of technology, which of the following was invented in the 1950s and contributed to changing human life permanently?          

1. smartphones
2. global positioning system (GPS)
3. television
4. bluetooth

17.  Hidalgo, eight, is very good at addition and subtraction, but he has a hard time understanding the complex algebraic problems that his 14-year-old sister does. Hidalgo is currently in which of Jean Piaget’s stages of development?        

1. formal operational
2. concrete operational 
3. conceptual operational
4. preoperational

18. According to Paul Baltes, which of the following statements most likely supports the view that development is plastic?      

1. Development has biological, cognitive, and socioemotional dimensions. 
2. All development occurs within a context, or a setting that changes. 
3. The cognitive skills of older adults can be improved through training and acquisition of effective strategies. 
4. Early adulthood is not the end¬ point of development; rather, no age period dominates development.

19.    According to an increasing number of studies in the United States, compared with younger people, older people      

1. have better relationships with people they care about.
2. are more pressured to achieve.
3. have less time for leisurely pursuits.
4. are less content with what they have in their lives.

20.    Dr. Tepper-Harmon believes that life-span development cannot be studied without considering biological, socioemotional, and cognitive dimensions. Dr. Tepper-Harmon believes that development is            

1. contextual. 
2. lifelong. 
3. plastic. 
4. multidimensional.

21.   Cynthia is conducting a survey on the prevalence and patterns of substance abuse in her city. Which of the following problems is she likely to encounter while using this method of data collection?            

1. some participants may not tell the truth and instead give socially acceptable answers.  
2. the assumption that surveys have to be conducted only in person 
3. the inability to sample a large number of people 
4. the assumption that a person’s behavior is consistent and stable

22.  ________ processes involve changes in the individual’s relationships with other people, changes in emotions, and changes in personality.          

1. Biological 
2. Cognitive 
3. Polycentric
4. Socioemotional

23.    A characteristic feature of information-processing psychologists is that they are most likely to    

1. state that thinking does not constitute information processing. 
2. emphasize that individuals manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it.
3. state that individuals develop a gradually decreasing capacity for processing information.
4. emphasize the influence of culture on development

24.    Flevy, a marketing researcher, is conducting an extensive market study and has hired a big group of college students to hand out a standard set of questions to shoppers at malls and supermarkets and to seek their responses. Which of the following methods of data collection is Flevy using?      

1.   naturalistic observation 
2. physiological measures
3. surveys
4. laboratory research

25.  Nellie, three, bangs her head against the wall repeatedly throughout the day. How could Skinner’s concept of operant conditioning be applied to address this behavior?

1. test Nellie to determine her current level of cognitive functioning
2. explore experiences from Nellie’s early childhood and address them in therapy 
3. investigate her psychosocial environment and eliminate stressors
4. reward Nellie when she does not bang her head and punish the head-banging behavior

26.  Dr. Wong is a cognitive developmental theorist, so we know that he will stress the importance of ________ in understanding development.      

1. conscious thoughts
2. repressed memories
3. the effects of genes and evolution on the development of intelligence
4. biological processes

27.    Ariel wants to describe the strength of the relationship between the number of airplane companies in the world and global warming. Which of the following kinds of research is Ariel most likely to perform?            

1. correlational
2. descriptive
3. collaborative
4. discrete

28.   Wang Ying is a clinical psychologist who specializes in counseling young adults. She helps her clients cope with depression, anxiety, and life transitions. In this scenario, Wang is most likely to            

1.  conduct research on the effects of specific policies on children’s well-being.
2. refrain from referring clients to medical facilities.
3. work individually with clients.
4. instruct clients to resolve their problems without seeking outside help.

29.  Jeremy becomes fluent in English at the age of 4. At the age of 6, he becomes fluent in French. However, when Jeremy’s parents try to teach him Spanish when he is 8 years old, they find that Jeremy’s capacity to acquire a new language has decreased. This scenario most likely illustrates Paul Baltes’s view that development is ________.

1. multidirectional
2. contextual
3. multidisciplinary
4. plastic

30.  Joey has shot up in height over the past year, has developed a deeper voice, and is starting to grow facial hair. He is preoccupied with the pursuit of independence and identity and is spending more time with friends and less with family. Which of the following periods of development is Joey in?      

1. late childhood
2. early adulthood 
3. adolescence
4. middle childhood