Quiz 2

1. During _____, a cell of the testes in men or ovaries in women duplicates its chromosomes and then divides twice, thus forming four cells, each of which has only half the genetic material of the parent cell.            

1. mitosis
2. meiosis
3. fertilization
4. osmosis

2.  A mistake by the cellular machinery, or damage from an environmental agent such as radiation, may produce a _____, which is a permanently altered segment of DNA.  

1. longevity gene
2. vulnerability gene
3. mutated gene
4. susceptibility gene

3. A cell that contains 23 pairs of chromosomes divides by mitosis to form two new cells. How many pairs of chromosomes does each new cell contain?            

1. 12
2. 6
3. 48
4. 23

4. Mateo, an infant, is on a special diet as his parents are aware that he has a genetic disorder in which he cannot metabolize phenylalanine, an amino acid. Mateo’s parents are also aware of the importance of this diet and that excess phenylalanine buildup in the infant will produce intellectual disability and hyper-activity. This genetic disorder results from a            

1. recessive gene.
2. longevity gene.
3. dominant gene.
4. complementary gene.

5.  Which of the following is true of phenylketonuria?          

1. It is a chromosomal disorder.
2. It results in death by the age of five.
3. It is caused by an accumulation of lipids in the nervous system.
4. It results from a recessive gene.

6. A fertilized human egg cannot grow into a crocodile, duck, or fish specifically because of            

1. environmental influence.
2. adaptive behavior.
3. social influence.
4. genetic code.

7. _____ are the building blocks of cells as well as the regulators that direct the body’s processes.            

1. DNA
2. Proteins
3. Genes
4. Ribosomes

8. Which of the following is the main risk factor that a couple must be aware of when undergoing fertility treatments?  

1. an increase in the possibility of multiple births when such treatments are used
2. significant differences in developmental outcomes for children conceived through such treatments
3. high birth weight in babies conceived through such treatments
4. negative psychological impact on children conceived through such treatments

9. For each genotype, a range of _____ can be expressed, thus providing a source of variability.    

1. genetic imprints
2. phenotypes
3. karyotypes
4. monotypes

10.  While studying a sample for height differences, researchers observed that the height of the participants varied significantly regardless of whether the participants’ parents were short or tall. This suggests that the physical characteristic of height is most likely an example of            

1. X-linked inheritance.
2. genetic imprinting.
3. polygenic inheritance.
4. niche-picking.

11. Sandra excels in reading and spelling but struggles with mathematics. She is shorter than her peers and has a webbed neck. Her doctor has determined that she has one X chromosome missing. Sandra most likely has            

1. XXO syndrome.
2. Fragile X syndrome.
3. XYY syndrome.
4. Turner syndrome.

12.  _____, the units of hereditary information, are short segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). They help cells to reproduce themselves and to assemble proteins.          

1. RNA
2. Genes
3. Chromosomes
4. Ribosomes

13. Ethel is 50 years old but appears much more aged. Most of Ethel’s relatives have not lived past the age of 60. Which of the following genes are responsible for the accelerated aging observed in Ethel and her family members?        

1. susceptibility genes
2. longevity genes
3. mutated genes
4. vulnerability genes

14.  Which of the following is true of mitosis?      

1. Mitosis results in the formation of three new cells.
2. Mitosis results in the formation of four new cells.
3. Mitosis results in the formation of two new cells with 23 pairs of chromosomes.
4. Mitosis is the cellular reproduction that occurs to form the sperm and the egg cells.

15. A recessive gene exerts its influence only if both genes of a pair are            

1. conditional lethals.
2. recessive.
3. dominant.
4. complementary.

16.  Which of the following statements regarding chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis is true?            

1. Both CVS and amniocentesis increase the risk of miscarriage.
2. Both CVS and amniocentesis provide valuable information about the presence of birth defects. 
3. Both CVS and amniocentesis increase the risk of limb deformities in the fetus.
4. Amniocentesis allows a decision on abortion to be made sooner than CVS.

17.  Most individuals who have X-linked diseases are males because        

1. the diseases are triggered by the male sex hormone, testosterone.
2. males have an extra X chromosome, making them XXY.
3. males have an extra Y chromosome. 
4. males have only one copy of the X chromosome.

18.  Paul has a gene-linked abnormality, and as a result he suffers from an X-linked inheritance disease. Because of this disease, Paul suffers from internal and external bleeding due to delayed blood clotting. Which of the following will effectively treat Paul’s condition?      

1. blood transfusions
2. blood irradiation therapy
3. hydroxyurea
4. anticoagulants

19.  _____ genes are those that make an individual less vulnerable to certain diseases and more likely to live to an older age.      

1. Susceptibility
2. Vulnerability
3. Mutated
4. Longevity

20.  The _____ view states that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and the environment.            

1.  biosocial
2. congenital
3. sociogenic
4. epigenetic

21.  _____ uses a powerful magnet and radio images to generate detailed images of the body’s organs and structures.            

1. Ultrasound sonography 
2. Triple screen
3. MRI
4. Amniocentesis

22.  Which of the following statements is true of evolutionary developmental psychology?            

1.  Evolution has not impacted human development. 
2. The mind is a general-purpose device that can be applied equally to a vast array of problems. 
3. All behaviors that were adaptive for our prehistoric ancestors serve us well today. 
4. Many evolved psychological mechanisms apply only to a specific aspect of a person’s psychological makeup.

23. Phenotypes include _____ and _____ characteristics.            

1. biological; ecological 
2. physical; psychological
3. conscious; subconscious
4. physical; environmental

24. Gwendolyn, a pregnant woman, is undergoing a prenatal medical procedure in which her doctor directs high-frequency sound waves into her abdomen to create a visual representation of the fetus’s inner structures. The doctor informs her that the procedure will reveal the number of fetuses she is carrying, detect abnormalities in the fetus, and give clues to the sex of the baby. In this scenario, which of the following prenatal medical procedures is Gwendolyn most likely undergoing?  

1. ultrasound sonography
2. chorionic villus sampling
3. triple screen
4. amniocentesis

25.  The food-scarce environment of our ancestors likely led to humans’ propensity to gorge when food is available and to crave high-caloric foods, a trait that might lead to an epidemic of obesity when food is plentiful. This illustrates how        

1. evolved mechanisms are not always adaptive in contemporary society.
2. organisms pass on characteristics they acquire during their lifetime to their offspring. 
3. the benefits of evolutionary selection decrease with age. 
4. socialization influences the development of behavior and cognitive skills in human beings.

26.  Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder in which an individual cannot properly metabolize _____, an amino acid.            

1. phenylacetylene
2. phenylacetamide
3. phenylamine
4. phenylalanine

27.  Jason, a 4-year-old, has an intellectual disability and has shorter limbs than other children his age. His pediatrician observes that Jason has a protruding tongue and an extra fold of skin over his eyelids. Jason’s mother informs the pediatrician that she was 30 at the time of Jason’s birth and that he was born with a flat skull. From this information, the pediatrician will most likely diagnose Jason with    

1.   Down syndrome.
2. Klinefelter syndrome.
3. XYY syndrome.
4. Turner syndrome.

28. Jerome and Tyrone are fraternal twins. This means that they developed from        

1. a single egg that was fertilized by two different sperms. 
2. two eggs that were fertilized by two different sperms.
3. a single egg that was fertilized by a single sperm.
4. two eggs that were fertilized by a single sperm.

29.  Tracy’s parents are avid sports fans. Since she was a child, they took her to numerous baseball and football games, and Tracy regularly watched the sports channel with her dad. When she was old enough, her parents made her join the little league team at her school and she performed well. This is an example of a(n)          

1. Answers:    active (niche-picking) genotype-environment correlation. 
2. passive genotype-environment correlation.
3. gene-gene correlation.
4. evocative genotype-environment correlation.

30.  Combining the genes of two parents in offspring increases _____ in the population, which is valuable for a species because it provides more characteristics for natural selection to operate on.        

1. genetic variability
2. the number of males
3. the number of females
4. genetic uniformity