Unit Test 1

1. Which of the following is true about industrialists Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller?

1. They fought workers efforts to organize unions
2. They rejected Social Darwinism.
3. They refused to be entangled in secret deals with railroad companies.
4. They wanted the US Government to enforce tighter control of industry by strict regulations.
5. They had a strict policy of not hiring immigrant workers.

2. How did the provisional governors appointed by President Johnson bring about negative consequences for African Americans in the South?

1. Southern governors forced former slaves to sign a loyalty oath to the Confederacy and denounce their emancipation.
2. Southern leadership created the Freedmen’s Bureau which empowered plantation owners and ignored the needs of former slaves in the south.
3. Southern leadership created Special Order No. 15 in which black families rented part of the plantation and divided the crops with the land owners.
4. Southern leadership denied blacks participation in the legal system, opportunity’s to armed defense of their states, and a voice in democracy.
5. Southern governors confiscated the Sherman Land given to former slaves after the Civil War and returned it to its former owners.

3.  Which of the following is true about the Homestead Strike 1892?

1. Property rights and the suppression of unions were ideals embraced by industrialists.
2. It demonstrated Government’s unwavering support of worker’s rights.
3. Supervisor Frick hired the Pinkerton Detective agency to protect workers who participated in the strike.
4. The Amalgamated Association was successful in advancing economic security and worker’s independence.
5. Andrew Carnegie fired his supervisor Henry Clay Frick because of his failure to protect the plant.

4.  Which of the following BEST describes the Haymarket Affair?

1. Four protesters are killed when a policeman sets off a bomb.
2. Organized labor and its association with immigrant workers garners a reputation for violence.
3. The most important issue for protesters at Haymarket Square was low wages.
4. Workers gathered at Haymarket Square to sing, dance, and have a good time.
5. The Knights of labor staged a protest with the intent to incite violence and promote anarchy.

5.  In the 1905 Supreme Court case Lochner v. New York:

1. The Court declared unconstitutional a state law that outlawed the production of garments in sweatshops.
2. The Court invoked liberty of contract that propped up the interests of big business and undermined the interests of workers.
3. The Court upheld a New York state law setting maximum hours of work for bakers to 10 hour work days or 60 hours a week.
4. The Court ruled that under article 1 of the Constitution Congress can regulate commerce but not manufacturing.
5. The Court declared that Lochner’s monopoly on bakeries in New York City was unconstitutional under the Sherman Anti-trust Act.

6.  The Fourteenth Amendment:

1. guaranteed that suffrage could not be denied on account of race.
2. became the central issue of the political campaign of 1866.
3. ratified in 1865 gave mandatory prison sentences to ex-confederates.
4. sealed a victory for the abolition movement with the abolition of slavery.
5. was largely supported by southern Democrats who aligned themselves with President Johnson.

7.  Farmers believed that their poverty stemmed from all of the following except:

1. high freight rates charged by the railroads.
2. high interest rates charged by the banks.
3. a decline in farm prices for farm products.
4. high tariff policies by the federal government.
5. the free and unlimited coinage of silver by the federal government.

8. In the case In re Debs, the Supreme Court challenged the authority of the federal government to curtail the right of workers to strike.

1. True
2. False

9  In 1899, Secretary of State John Hay announced the Open Door Policy. This policy:

1. secured access to trade with Latin American countries.
2. promoted America’s interest in wealth from natural resources or large-scale American settlement and not trade.
3. underscored America’s interest in trade alongside maintaining strict immigration policy.
4. gave the U.S. open access to inspect military bases within its sphere of influence.
5. welcomed immigrants from Asia and replaced longstanding, restrictive U.S. immigration policies.

10.  Those who opposed the imperialism of the United States in the late 19th century argued:

1. that greedy businessmen who were anxious to maintain the cost of overseas outposts would hurt American exports.
2. that imperialism would lead to exploitation of non-white populations who are lured to the United States.
3. that America should focus its attention on other countries instead of at home.
4. that the ideal of self government can be made an example to other countries instead of imposed.
5. that America had a national mission to uplift backward cultures and spread liberty across the globe.

11.   Which of the following fled to the south and took advantage of of all the benefits of office holding after the Civil War?

1. White Democrats born in the south.
2. Northern whites.
3. Southern whites.
4. White Republicans born in the south.

12.  Which of the following statements about the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTC) is NOT true?

1. Members argued that men squandered their wages on drink and treated their wives abusively.
2. The group insisted that women must accept the idea that weakness and dependence were their nature.
3. The organization moved from demanding prohibition to a comprehensive program of economic and political reform.
4. By 1890, membership in the WCTU reached 150,000 and became the era’s largest female organization.
5. It was founded in 1874 under the banner of Home Protection and demanded the prohibition of alcoholic beverages.

13.  The Crédit Mobilier scandal:

1. angered stockholders of the Union Pacific Railroad when it was discovered that influential politicians were receiving stocks.
2. was shocking to Americans in an era of the Gilded Age when political corruption was unusual.
3. was the most notorious example of political corruption at the national level.
4. was organized by “Boss” William M. Tweed as a way to win support from the immigrant poor.
5. erupted when workers and farmers formed a corporation to distribute low-interest loans to themselves.

14. Which of the following statements best characterizes the Radical Republicans?

1. They were willing to work with Johnson’s flawed Reconstruction plan by making a few fixes.
2. They were willing to seat southerners who were elected to Congress.
3. They proposed the Civil Rights bill of 1866 which would also extend the life of the Freedmen’s Bureau.
4. They called into question the southern leadership put in place by Johnson after the Civil War.
5. They did not believe that northern or southern whites could accept black suffrage.

15. What was the constitutional crisis of the election of 1876? How did Congress organize to resolve this crisis? What resolution did Democrats and Republicans agree upon? Finally, what were the negative implications for the South as a result of this bargain? 

16.  What was the legislation that Senator Henry L. Dawes proposed in 1887? How did his proposal negatively impact Native Americans? Finally, how did Native Americans who rejected his proposal react?

17.  Who were the Redeemers in the segregated south, and what was their underlying mission? How did they  impact education in the new public schools, and how did they address the issue of coerced labor particularly with African Americans? 

18.  What was the stated goal of the Immigration Restriction League of 1894? Discuss the tactic they used to achieve this goal and how it was presented to non-immigrant voters. Finally, discuss how did this tactic disenfranchised immigrant voters?