Quiz 6

1.  The abstract quality of thinking during the _____ stage is evident in an adolescent’s verbal problem-solving ability.          

1.  concrete operational
2. formal operational
3. passive operational
4. conventional reasoning

2.    Which of the following terms did Erikson use to describe a period in which society leaves adolescents relatively free of responsibilities and free to try out different identities?            

1.  sociological amnesty
2. psychosocial moratorium
3. behavioral reprieve
4. societal moratorium

3.    In the United States, the average age of menarche has _____ since the mid-nineteenth century.          

1. increased marginally
2. declined significantly
3. increased significantly
4. not changed

4.   Irene, a 16-year-old girl, is a first-generation immigrant whose parents came to the United States from Ukraine when she was just a baby. Irene enjoys many of the same things that her American friends do but respects her culture’s traditions and speaks to her parents in their native language. Irene seems to have formed a(n) _____ identity.

1. additive
2. multiplicative
3. culturally confused
4. bicultural

5.     Which of the following statements is true about the characteristics of a clique?  

1.  The average number of people in a clique is eight to ten.
2. It is less personal than a crowd.
3. It is formed solely because adolescents engage in diverse activities.
4. The members of a clique are usually of the same sex.

6.   _____ are the second leading cause of death in adolescence.        

1.   Suicides
2. Motor vehicle accidents
3. Chronic diseases
4. Homicides

7.   Identify the status of individuals who have not yet experienced a crisis or made any commitments.            

1.  identity diffusion
2. identity achievement
3. identity foreclosure
4. identity crisis

8.  Which of the following statements is true about depression in adolescents?            

1.   Puberty occurs earlier for males than for females; hence, males are more likely to develop depression than are females.
2. Females’ self-images, especially their body images, are more positive than males’; hence, females are less likely to develop depression than males.
3. Females tend to ruminate in their depressed mood and amplify it; hence, they are more likely to develop depression than are males.
4. Males face more discrimination than females do; hence, males are more likely to develop depression than are females.

9.  In which of the following locations in sub-Saharan Africa are rites of passage prevalent?            

1. locations where Western culture is readily accepted 
2. locations where social structure is present but not adhered to
3. locations where formal education is not readily available
4. locations where the influence of industrialized culture is high

10.   According to Harry Stack Sullivan, if adolescents fail to develop close friendships, they          

1. become more social as they grow older. 
2. develop healthier self-esteem as adults than their peers.
3. engage in less delinquent behavior.
4. experience loneliness and a reduced sense of self-worth.

11.  The status of identity _____ occurs most often when parents hand down commitments to their adolescents, usually in an authoritarian way, before adolescents have had a chance to explore different approaches, ideologies, and vocations on their own.        

1. moratorium 
2. achievement
3. foreclosure
4. diffusion

12.  During the beginning of the _____ stage, when assimilation dominates, an adolescent’s thoughts are full of idealism and possibilities.      

1. formal operational
2. conventional reasoning
3. preconventional reasoning
4. concrete operational

13.   In the context of pubertal changes, preoccupation with body image is especially acute during    

1.   early adolescence.
2. late adulthood.
3. late adolescence.
4. young adulthood.

14.   Nicola is under pressure from her family to decide on the course that she wants to study. She is interested in studying engineering but is not able to select the branch of engineering she wants to study. Her brothers are software engineers, and she feels that studying software engineering may be the right choice for her. However, she also seems interested in electrical engineering. In this scenario, Nicola is in the status of identity referred to as    

1. identity stagnation.
2. identity diffusion.
3. identity moratorium.   
4. identity confusion.

15.  Conflict with parents often escalates during          

1. late adolescence. 
2. early adolescence.
3. the college years.
4. middle adolescence.

16.   Mike is 14 years old. When asked what he wants to be when he grows up, he promptly replies that he wants to be a lawyer and begins to speak about a recent case and how well the lawyers handled the case. However, his mother casually mentions that Mike’s interests change almost every few weeks and that she feels that Mike should attend some career guidance sessions to decide what he wants to become. In the context of Erik Erikson’s fifth developmental stage, this period of Mike’s life is referred to as a _____.            

1.  behavioral reprieve
2. societal moratorium
3. sociological amnesty
4. psychosocial moratorium

17.   Which of the following is most likely to be true of adolescent mothers?      

1.   They were not good students before they became pregnant.
2. They interact more effectively with infants than do adult mothers.
3. Their daughters are at a decreased risk for teenage childbearing.
4. Latina and African American adolescent girls who have a child are less likely to have a second child than are non-Latina White adolescent girls.

18.   Mark is a 15-year-old boy who lives with his foster parents. He regularly gets into fights and arguments with his friends and family and is usually ignored by them. He starts to take drugs to cope with his loneliness and starts abusing drugs. He breaks into an elderly couple’s house and steals money to buy drugs. In this scenario, Mark will most likely be labeled as a(n)    

1. cyber bully. 
2. hacker.
3. juvenile delinquent.
4. embezzler.

19.  _____ is a hormone associated in boys with genital development, increased height, and deepening of the voice.    

1.  Progestin
2. Estrogen
3. Testosterone
4. Estradiol

20.   Nina is reading an article about the major problems that affect most adolescents. She is aware that drug abuse, juvenile delinquency, sexual problems, and school-related problems are the four most common issues that affect most adolescents. She learns from the article that several research studies have been conducted to understand the effects of these issues on adolescents. Which of the following research findings would most likely be included in the article?    

1.  Adolescents most at risk typically suffer from more than one of the four problem behaviors.
2. As many as 50 percent of adolescents in the United States have been estimated to engage in all four of the problem behaviors common in adolescents.
3. Research studies confirm that the four problem behaviors in adolescence are seldom related.
4. It is estimated that the percentage of high-risk youth who engage in two or three of the four main problem behaviors has decreased over the years.

21.  A girl’s first menstruation is called _____.            

1.  menarche
2. adrenarche
3. gonadarche
4. spermarche

22.   In the last half of the twentieth century and the first several years of the twenty-first century, U.S. high school dropout rates            

1.  remained unchanged.
2. plateaued.
3. declined.
4. increased.

23.   Which of the following statements about the timing and variations in puberty is true?            

1.  Genes have little to do with when and how puberty develops. 
2. Weight of an individual is unrelated to pubertal onset.
3. Two boys of the same chronological age will generally complete the pubertal sequence at the same time.
4. Menarche is considered within the normal range for girls if it appears between the ages of 9 and 15.

24.   In the Berkeley Longitudinal Study some years ago, early-maturing boys perceived themselves _____ than did their late-maturing counterparts. When the late-maturing boys were in their thirties, however, they had developed a _____ than the early-maturing boys had.          

1. as misfits; more negative self-image 
2. as an anomaly; stronger feeling of inadequacy
3. more negatively; deeper sense of regret
4. more positively; stronger sense of identity

25.   Early bloomers include            

1. 15 percent of 17- to 19-year-olds who report that they have not engaged in any romantic relationships that lasted more than four months.
2. 15 to 20 percent of 14- to 16-year-olds who say that they currently are in a romantic relationship.
3. 10 percent of 17- to 19-year-olds who say that they have had no experience with romantic relationships.
4. 15 to 20 percent of 11- to 13-year-olds who say that they currently are in a romantic relationship.

26.   With reference to cross-cultural comparisons, which of the following statements about adolescent pregnancies in the United States is true?        

1. In 2015, the U.S birth rate for 15- to 19-year old girls was the lowest rate ever recorded.
2. The U.S. adolescent birth rate increased significantly from 2007 to 2009.
3. Adolescents in the United States are more sexually active than adolescents in the Netherlands.
4. The U.S. adolescent pregnancy rate is much lower than that in the Netherlands.

27.  Bulimia nervosa typically begins in            

1. late adolescence or early adulthood.
2. early to mid-adolescence.
3. childhood.
4. late adulthood.

28  Dylan does his homework in front of the television while listening to music on his iPod and also simultaneously text messaging his friends. These actions are collectively known as            

1.   simulcasting.
2. media multitasking.
3. media conferencing.
4. surfing.

29.   Late bloomers comprise approximately 10 percent of _____ who say that they have had no experience with romantic relationships.            

1. 15- to 16-year-olds
2. 17- to 19-year-olds
3. 12- to 13-year-olds
4. 14- to 16-year-olds

30.   Richard believes he is gay. This orientation is part of Richard’s _____ identity.            

1. sexual
2. intellectual
3. ethnic
4. relationship