In order to perform a reliable and valid quantitative study to determine the effectiveness of infertility treatments, several factors should be considered. Retrospective studies may be applicable for this field since infertility and use of infertility treatments such as intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF) are not as common. Hence, conducting a study on this topic may be through retrospective assessment of patients. Several steps may be done to ensure that a retrospective study will have a representative sample and will yield reliable results.